Mobility-as-a-service platforms (integrating transit, cycling, and ride-sharing in one app)

Transport accounts for about a quarter of global energy-related carbon emissions, and it's almost entirely dependent on oil. Cars, trucks, planes, and ships burn fossil fuels that pump CO2 directly into the atmosphere, while our cities and supply chains are designed around this dirty infrastructure.

The challenge isn't just switching to cleaner fuels — it's rebuilding how we move people and goods. Some transport modes like aviation and shipping have no obvious clean alternatives ready today. Others, like personal cars, have solutions that work but need to scale up fast and become affordable for everyone.

This is urgent because transport emissions keep growing as more people get cars and more goods move around the world. We need both better technology and smarter systems that help us travel less wastefully.

Most cities, especially in wealthy countries, are designed assuming everyone has a car. This makes walking, cycling, and public transit inconvenient or impossible for many trips. Even people who want to drive less often can't because alternatives don't exist or don't work well.

The result is that transport in cities is inefficient and polluting. People make short trips by car that could easily be walked or cycled, and public transit is often slow, unreliable, or doesn't go where people need to go. Fixing this requires both better technology and rethinking how cities work.

Digital platforms that combine different transport options into a single service, making it easy to plan and pay for trips using multiple modes. This might include public transit, bike sharing, ride-hailing, and walking directions all in one app, with integrated payment and real-time information.