Vehicle-to-grid technology (using parked EVs as distributed grid storage)

Transport accounts for about a quarter of global energy-related carbon emissions, and it's almost entirely dependent on oil. Cars, trucks, planes, and ships burn fossil fuels that pump CO2 directly into the atmosphere, while our cities and supply chains are designed around this dirty infrastructure.

The challenge isn't just switching to cleaner fuels — it's rebuilding how we move people and goods. Some transport modes like aviation and shipping have no obvious clean alternatives ready today. Others, like personal cars, have solutions that work but need to scale up fast and become affordable for everyone.

This is urgent because transport emissions keep growing as more people get cars and more goods move around the world. We need both better technology and smarter systems that help us travel less wastefully.

There are over a billion cars on the road, and most of them burn fossil fuels every time they move. Even in wealthy countries, electric vehicles are still a small fraction of new car sales, and it takes years for the whole fleet to turn over.

The barriers aren't just about the cars themselves — people worry about battery range, charging infrastructure, and upfront costs. Many can't afford new EVs, and used electric car markets are still tiny in most places.

Technology that lets electric cars feed power back into the electricity grid when parked. Since cars sit unused most of the time, their batteries could help balance renewable energy supply and demand. This makes EVs more valuable and helps clean up the grid itself.